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Thursday, September 3, 2020
Poetââ¬â¢s emphasis Essay Example for Free
Poetââ¬â¢s accentuation Essay In spite of the fact that sonnet A contain a topical solidarity however it is showed that poetââ¬â¢s accentuation stayed on making a homogeneous expressive entire as opposed to building up the subject in an elaborative manner and in a raised poetical way. There is powerless wistfulness that invades the entire sonnet. The most significant imperfection of the sonnet is that it considers a wide scope of human jobs throughout everyday life and attempted to come full circle this human experience into a definitive truth of death. In this endeavor, artist neglects to make a unifocal and powerful effect about death in the brain of the peruser. Despite the fact that the fundamental however isn't customary or universal yet writer doesn't present any philosophical features, mental effect or some other novel reflection about death. Besides, he can't show an incredible expertise in utilizing human expressions and guiles of section. So sonnet is a wretched disappointment. Writer can't appreciate the visual enjoyment of death or experience the ill effects of it agony and fear. He just changes starting with one job then onto the next job with the tragic death of the first. Individual Preferences Ranking Poem F Poem C Poem D Poem E Poem B Poem A Poem F The topic is same as other sonnet positioned above however topical articulations is the most significant thing that hoists this sonnet over every other sonnet. Topical articulation showed in an unobtrusive and sensitive manner. So delicacy of thought blends with stature of artistic articulation. Inconspicuous figurative attributions to seasons are another significant component of the sonnet. He doesn't depend on a solitary arrangement of allegories or image however he utilizes the budgetary images in the following quatrain to brood his message and capably relates it to the principle subject of death and pulverization. The most excellent line of the sonnet is line 7 where he ends the impact of death. He is of the view that by multiplication and recovery, one can deliver his very own copy self, so passing can not demolish him. He can vanquish the demise and pulverization. Thus these off-spring(s) will make ââ¬Å"thee livingâ⬠. So writer has pitched the however at a more elevated level as contrasted and other artist and have used his language aptitudes to make a powerful articulation to pass on that style. Artist doesn't show any secret or interest about death. In the event that passing outcomes in hopelessness and fear, it likewise brings rest and harmony. Writer refutes both these traditional idea and gives another thought that passing doesn't end life in the event that one wishes to. He can recreate kin like him and this is a continuation of his life. There isn't mystical reflection in the sonnet and everything is introduced and spoken to in away from with the assistance of solid symbolism.
Wednesday, August 26, 2020
Answer (100 Level Course)
Basic Concepts in Business â⬠Business Question/Answer (100 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Basic Concepts in Business Question/Answer(100 Level Course) 1. What is the contrast among income and benefit? Income is the aggregate sum of cash a business takes in during a given period by selling products and enterprises while Profit is the measure of cash a business acquires well beyond what it spends for compensations and different costs. 2. What is the distinction between way of life and personal satisfaction? Way of life is the measure of merchandise and ventures individuals can purchase with the cash they have while Quality of life is the general prosperity of a general public regarding political opportunity, a spotless regular habitat, training, social insurance, wellbeing, spare time, and everything else that prompts fulfillment and delight. 3. What is the hazard, and how is it identified with benefit? Hazard is the opportunity a business person takes of losing time and cash on a business that may not give beneficial. Beginning a business includes chance. Hazard taking is the basic component for improving our way of life. Hazard is the opportunity a business visionary takes on losing time and cash on a business that may not demonstrate gainful. Those organizations that face the most challenge may make the most benefit. The more dangers you take, the higher the prizes might be. This is the manner by which hazard is identified with benefit.. 4. What does the term partners mean? Partners are generally the individuals who remain to pick up or lose by the approaches and exercises of a business. Partners incorporate clients, workers, investors, providers, sellers, brokers, individuals in the encompassing network, tree huggers, and chose government pioneers. 5. What are a portion of the benefits of working for other people? The upsides of working for others is that another person accept the enterprising danger and gives you advantages, for example, paid excursion time and medical coverage. 6. For what reason is the United States called the place where there is fresh new chances? The United States gives chance to all. One of the qualities of the United States is its capacity to invite individuals from everywhere throughout the world and help them succeed. Frequently the most alluring open door for some, individuals is that of possessing and dealing with their own organizations and the United States gives this chance. Gigantic open doors exist for all people ready to face the challenge of beginning a business. In this way it is known as the place where there is fresh chances to succeed. 7. What are the five variables of creation? Which components are the key of riches? The five components of creation are 1. Land 2. Work 3. Capital 4. Business enterprise 5. Information Business enterprise and information are the components which are the way to riches. 8. What are four different ways the administration can encourage business? The manners by which the legislature can encourage enterprise is they can keep duties and guidelines to a base, they can effectively elevate business enterprise is to permit private possession organizations, the administrations of creating nations can do is to limit the obstruction with the free trade of products and ventures, the legislature can decrease the dangers of business by passing laws that empower specialists to compose gets that are enforceable in court, the legislature can likewise set up a money thatââ¬â¢s tradable in world markets, they can help limit defilements in business and in its own positions. Along these lines the legislature can encourage business enterprise. 9. What is profitability and how does innovation improve it? Profitability is the measure of yield you produce given the measure of info (for example hours worked). Innovation implies everything from telephones and copiers to PCs, clinical imaging gadgets, individual advanced aides, and the different programming programs that make business forms increasingly effective and profitable. Instruments and innovation enormously improve profitability. The laborers in United States get more cash-flow than in most other nation is that they approach the innovations that make them progressively profitable. In this way innovation upgrades efficiency. 10. By what method can organizations rival speed? Generally the organizations that offer quick assistance are those that are winning. Speeding isnââ¬â¢t everything. It must be joined by acceptable quality and sensible costs. To keep up in such a unique business condition, individuals need to come back to class intermittently over their lifetime to become familiar with the most recent ideas, procedures, and instruments. 11. What are a portion of the assorted gatherings of individuals that supervisors must oversee? A portion of the assorted gatherings of individuals that chiefs must oversee are whether they are diverse in view of race, sex, age, sexual direction, nation of starting point, religion, and so forth. 12. What are the variables that have prompted two-salary families? The elements that have prompted two-salary families are the significant expenses of lodging and of keeping up an agreeable way of life, the elevated level of charges, and the social accentuation on ââ¬Å"having it allâ⬠. 13. What is the main consideration that made individuals move from cultivating to industry and from industry to the administration area? The utilization of innovation, for example, creation of collector, cotton gin, and current enhancements for such supplies is the central point that made individuals move from cultivating to industry. Expanded profitability and proficiency made numerous individuals move from industry to the administration part. Exploration Papers on Introductory Concepts in Business - Business Question/Answer (100 Level Course)The Effects of Illegal ImmigrationIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalResearch Process Part OneTwilight of the UAWNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraGenetic EngineeringLifes What IfsThe Project Managment Office SystemDefinition of Export Quotas
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Patrilineal Descent and Postmarital Residence among the Yanomamo Essay
Patrilineal Descent and Postmarital Residence among the Yanomamo Village Growth and Division - Essay Example The Yanomamo individuals of Central Brazil are probably the most established case of the exemplary pre-Columbian backwoods footmen. The Yanomami include a general public of tracker agriculturists of the tropical rainforest of Northern Amazonia, whose contact with non-indigenous society over the most piece of their region has been moderately later. Their domain covers a territory of around 192,000 km2, situated on the two sides of the fringe among Brazil and Venezuela, in the Orinoco-Amazon interfluvial area. They convey in different tongues however have No composed language. The all out populace of the Yanomami in Brazil and Venezuela is today evaluated to be around 26,000 individuals. The Yanomamo exist in little groups or clans and live in round shared cottages. The Yanomami nearby gatherings are commonly comprised of a multifamily house looking like a cone or shortened cone called yano or xapono, which are really comprised of individual living quarters or by towns made out of rectangular-type houses .Each aggregate house or town sees itself as an independent financial and political substance (kami theri yamaki, 'we co-occupants') . The town is the fundamental sociopolitical unit and is involved by a few more distant families, made out of family unit family units. The establishing core of such a town comprises of two intermarried sets of siblings, their sisters or spouses and their relatives. The two coming about genealogies trade their ladies, along these lines making various affinal partnerships. As extra genealogy bunches join the town network and intermarry with individuals from the first heredity, political weights and inward factionalism as often as possibl e lead to the parting separated of the town and the foundation of a totally new network. These little clans hold their men in high positions. Boss are consistently men who are considered liable for the general information and wellbeing of the gathering's ladies. The guys are allowed to beat their spouses on the off chance that they want to and can wed more than each lady in turn. This free type of polygamy is a method of expanding the number of inhabitants in the tribe.Each town has its own headman (pata), and one pata is generally more persuasive than the others. Migliazza (1972: 415) claims that the situation of boss or headman isn't generally acquired, however is subject to the head having many living agnatic family members and the capacity to stand up for himself among them. There is some sign, in any case, that the workplace was once acquired patrilineally from father to child or from senior sibling to more youthful sibling. During times of war, a man with involvement with battle was frequently picked to go about as war boss, an office which was not inherited and wh ich became latent when threats stopped. Marriage among the Yanoama serves to tie non-agnatically related gatherings of guys to each other in an arrangement of trades including merchandise, administrations, and the guarantee of a complementary trade of ladies sometime in the future. All Yanoama gatherings, just as their Carib neighbors, have bifurcate Combining connection wording for the principal rising age, joined by Iroquoian cousin phrasing. Patrilineal plummet and agnatic connections are viewed as more significant than matrilineal family members. Families and moieties have obviously never existed among the Yanoama, however ancestries have been referenced by Chagnon (1971). In his investigation of the connection framework, Chagnon bears a focal spot to the nearby plummet bunch fundamentally a genealogy fragment, comprising
On going on a journey free essay sample
While going through the field nature is organization enough for the storyteller and he needs to vegetate like the nation and be a piece of it. A friend continually helps him to remember himself and spot. Hazlitt leaves his town to overlook it and every one of its affiliations, his regular self and others. However, a partner, while talking, drops an insight or so helping him to remember his ordinary presence that he needs to desert. The spirit of an excursion is freedom, the freedom to think, to believe, to act and be what one loves with no commitment to fit in with rationale, desires and habits. In the event that a friend is available, the essayist must act and fit in with the requests of partnership. In this manner the companion holds up traffic of his freedom. In the event that he has a partner, decent habits request that they should converse with one another. The points in such cases are frequently the stale and rehashed ones. We will compose a custom exposition test on On going on an excursion or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The need to converse with the partner won't permit him to do however he sees fit. He might most likely want to run, giggle, sing and hop. He might want to dive into his past, since quite a while ago overlooked things and dream over them. He can't enjoy the insights calm. He would most likely stay quiet for long time considering and talk for some time. Such a pitiful partnership is one that the essayist would better not have. The author doesn't discover any shrewdness in feeling and talking simultaneously. He faces the steady need to make an interpretation of his emotions into words and to convey them. The joy of feeling excited by a delightful scene or an article transforms into a work. The brain enlists an impression profoundly in the event that it gets adequate time to muse over a thing. Hindered by the consistent need to convey, the things seen can't leave a profound impression in the psyche. Subsequently the essayist likes to utilize the synthetical strategy in an excursion, not the explanatory. To see, feel things and store the impressions and thoughts in the psyche to break down them later. Regardless of whether one is prepared and ready to convey oneââ¬â¢s sentiments, the buddy might not have the essential reasonableness to share the emotions. On the off chance that one discussions about the smell from a bean field, the companion likely doesn't have the sharp feeling of smell. He might be too childish to see a removed item that one gets a kick out of the chance to discuss. The author feels that specific correspondences can't be imparted by any stretch of the imagination. The impact of the very quality of the spot or a fix of cloud has on the brain can't most likely be clarified. However he will attempt to represent it and convey it to his companion. Such an inconceivable errand may create ill humor. Also a view or a scene may bring into the brain a specific affiliations, excessively fragile and refined to be imparted. With a buddy close by, a voyager needs to unwind the puzzle of his being and his emotions in lovely words. Writers like Samuel Taylor Coleridge who have the fine lovely franticness in them, can dress their musings and emotions in delightful words unexpectedly, following seeing an excellent article. In any case, Hazlitt doesn't be able to interpret an inclination without a moment's delay into wonderful words like Coleridge. Hazlitt might want to enter a hotel in the town or a town without anyone else. He might want to enjoy inactive preoccupations, to consider his food and to get the smell of food coming out of the kitchen. In the event that at all he must have a friend in a hotel, he likes to have an outsider. With a more abnormal we are not under the consistent need of cooperation. Regardless of whether we don't talk the outsider wouldn't fret. Also the more peculiar won't know the author. To him the essayist isn't a man of fixed personality with a clear anticipated character and nature. So the essayist can without much of a stretch accept any symbolism character and character. To the standard colleagues a man has a fixed character with a specific anticipated character. Prior to outsiders, the author can without much of a stretch overlook his standard being. Hazlitt likes to be distant from everyone else on an excursion, however with a couple of desires. He would not protest hosting a companion or a get-together with him while visiting a chronicled ruin or an image display like Stonehenge, Oxford, Athens or Rome. These are understandable issues or matters that can be mentally dissected. One can discuss them. In any case, the emotions excited by a scene or a perspective on nature are unadulterated sentiments that are hard to examine and convey. Hazlitt might likewise want to have a buddy while venturing out to an outside nation. He feels so likely in light of the fact that an Englishman has a hostility towards remote habits and language. So he might want to converse with a buddy and offer his sentiments with a companion to feel quiet in an outside nation amoung outsiders. Hazlitt might want to have a companion to converse with when he is before such forceful things like the desert of Arabia or the Pyramids of Egypt. One feels lost and forlorn, as though cut off from society. So to defeat that sentiment of seclusion Hazlitt needs some cooperation and backing from an individual man.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Loss of Humanity in The Lottery
In Shirley Jacksonââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Lotteryâ⬠there are numerous topics to get on, anyway the one that is by all accounts the most significant is the subject of humankind. In this short story numerous things burst out at the peruser however the subject of mankind is one that the peruser must be searching for. The loss of mankind is clear in the story in light of the exercises they are following up on, their sentiments of others, and the connation where they talk. First and forward most, the lottery where Jackson rights about is nearly something contrary to what most states take an interest in today. In spite of the fact that the initial articulation wouldnââ¬â¢t persuade along these lines, ââ¬Å"The morning of June 27th was clear and radiant, with the new warmth of a full-summer dayâ⬠¦the grass was luxuriously greenâ⬠(247) This works set the story out to be nearly fantasy like, by demonstrating the peruser an ideal town. Anyway it is a long way from this, the town is a lot of more awful than any detestable advance mother. The town is taking an interest in a demonstration of homicide, regardless of whether they trust it is reasonable. The demonstration of the lottery begins with the social affair of the town. Before long the men started to gatherâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (247) This than lead to the families gathering with their own. ââ¬Å"The ladies, remaining close to their spouses, started to call the childrenâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (247) The plot doesnââ¬â¢t become dim until the discovery appears. (248) Once the plot as become dim it remains as such until the completion. ââ¬Å"ââ¬ËIt isnââ¬â¢t reasonable, it isnââ¬â¢t right,â⬠Mrs. Hutchinson shouted, and afterward they had arrived. â⬠(252) however there are positively in excess of a couple of instances of the loss of humankind anyway this the one that stands out in contrast to everything else. At the point when the individuals have arrived it isnââ¬â¢t a quality of mankind, at any rate the mankind of the previous hardly any hundreds of years, that is something that creatures do and not ââ¬Å"civilizedâ⬠people. Besides, the way that they talk about their neighboring towns shows the loss of mankind. First appeared with Mr. Adamââ¬â¢s discussing the northern town and the loss of the lottery. At the point when Old Man Warner hears he is everything except cheerful. This was best appeared by Brandon Ramos in his article, ââ¬Å"Old Man Warnerââ¬â¢s moral immovability assists with holding the town under tight restraints. He never at any point sets aside the effort to clarify the significance. He safeguards it, be that as it may, he never clarifies it. A great deal of the townspeople likely donââ¬â¢t even know why they do this. â⬠(Ramos) Though the last part shows indications of an advanced religion it isn't something that is demonstrating the mankind that it should. Not exclusively was Old Man Warner rankled by the announcement made about the other town he continues to state that it is really that that makes them less humanized. He even goes as far to state that they are returning to old ways, ââ¬Å"Next thing you know, theyââ¬â¢ll be need to return to living in caves,â⬠(250) He is stating without the lottery they are become mountain men, which is creepy on the grounds that it is the lottery in actuality that makes them even less like stone age men or Greek resident how venerated the sun or the divine beings. This carries it to the last point, the manner in which they talk shows murmurs of barbarism. The most conspicuous case of this is the title of Ramosââ¬â¢s article. It was said by Old Man Warner, by and by, yet it read, ââ¬Å"Lottery in June, corn be substantial soon. (250) (Ramos), this recommends the homicide in the lottery is only a penance to make the gather as abundant as could reasonably be expected. Another model, however not discourse, this model is of non-verbal communication and how the townââ¬â¢s individuals demonstrated it off. The way that Tessie is arguing toward the end but the non-verbal communication of her individual tonââ¬â¢s people is only ordinary. The last model would be the means by which rapidly here loved ones decide to turn on her. Her better half, never at any point said a word regarding the aftereffect of the lottery. What's more, her companions appeared to have turned on her quicker than any other person did. Mrs. Delacroix chose a stone as enormous she needed to get it with two hands and went to Mrs. Dunbar ââ¬Ëcome on. ââ¬â¢ She said ââ¬ËHurry up. ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (252) The whole, all things considered, is that all through the story the townââ¬â¢s individuals indicated savagery through the demonstrations that encompassed the lottery. Elderly person Warner was the greatest supporter of the lottery despite the fact that he never upheld why. The entire town upheld him completely extreme it was ethically off-base from multiple points of view. Finally the way the townââ¬â¢s individuals talked and introduced themselves demonstrated only savagery.
Friday, August 14, 2020
Why People With PTSD Take Part in Risk-Taking Behavior
Why People With PTSD Take Part in Risk-Taking Behavior PTSD Symptoms Print Why People With PTSD Take Part in Risk Taking Behavior By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Updated on June 23, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Geber86 / E+ / Getty Images Risk-taking behavior refers to the tendency to engage in activities that have the potential to be harmful or dangerous. Why People Take Part in Risk-Taking Behavior Given that risk-taking behavior is potentially dangerous, some people wonder why anyone would take part. On one hand, the behavior puts those who engage in it in harms way; on the other, it gives participants the chance to experience an outcome they perceive as positive. Risk-taking behaviors such as driving fast or substance use, for example, may lead to car accidents or overdoses, respectively. In the moment, however, they may bring about positive feelings such as the thrill of a fast ride or the high one gets from drug use. Examples of Risk-Taking Behavior Risk-taking behavior can also include having sex with strangers, often with no protection against sexually transmitted diseases or unplanned pregnancies. Risk-takers may also enjoy gambling, typically losing more than they can handle. These individuals may take part in extreme sports or recreational activities. Even when risk-takers engage in widely practiced behaviors, such as drinking or smoking cigarettes, they put their lives at risk, as deaths associated with these behaviors are higher than deaths associated with illicit drug use. But risk-takers tend to ignore the consequences of their behaviors. PTSD and Self-Destructive Behaviors Whos at Risk for Risk-Taking Behavior? Some research indicates that men tend to be more likely to be risk-takers than women. But both male and female risk-takers share the same personality traits, such as impulsive sensation-seeking, aggression-hostility, and sociability, one study found. Genetics play a role in risk-taking behavior as well. Identical twins separated at birth, for example, tend to engage in risk-taking behaviors at high rates. Testosterone appears to play a role as well, which is why theres a gender imbalance in the people most likely to take part in risk-taking behaviors. A 2012 study of 395 military veterans with PTSD found a link between risk-taking behavior and the disorder. In addition to the above forms of riskiness, vets with PTSD have a propensity for firearms play, potentially endangering their lives. People with PTSD may have already survived dangerous situations, and risk-taking behavior may give them the feeling that they have more control over their present danger than the danger that led to them developing PTSD. Getting Help If you find yourself coping with PTSD by engaging in risky behaviors such as drug abuse, anonymous sex, or gambling, its time to get help. Risk-taking behavior may cause you bodily harm, result in you contracting a sexually transmitted infection, or lead to financial losses that you cant recover from without some heavy lifting. Its unwise to toy with your wellbeing in this way. A psychotherapist with experience treating patients with PTSD may help. You can also find a support group for people with PTSD or confide in a close friend or family member who can try to hold you accountable when you feel the urge to engage in risky behaviors. Treatment Options for PTSD
Sunday, June 21, 2020
Fusing Confessional and Pulpit Analysis of a Romantic Ballad - Literature Essay Samples
As a time that marked radical changes in the way that poetry was written, the Romantic period of English Literature produced many works still celebrated and studied today. It was during this period that Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote one of the most noteworthy works of English literature, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. The following paper will explore the structure and subject matter of this chilling ballad of supernatural penance for atrocities committed at sea as they relate to the Romantic period of English literature. It will also reveal the two major themes of the work, equal treatment and guilt, and how they relate to the poets own life, as well as to the political and social changes taking place during this turbulent period in English history.The structure of Coleridges The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is similar to other Romantic poems in several ways. First, it is a ballad, a poetic genre that rose to a major literary form during the Romantic period. Coleridge combines strong end-rhymes, primarily following an abcb rhyme scheme with internal rhymes, with a ballad meter of alternating lines of iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter. This causes the poem to be read much as traditional oral ballads were sung. The following stanza provides an example: The sun came up upon the left, / Out of the sea came he! / And he shone bright, and on the right / Went down into the sea (25-28). The musical quality provided to the poem through its rhyme and meter keeps the readers attention by setting it apart from the dull rhythm of everyday speech. It also makes the poem flow smoothly, thereby making it easier to read. Coleridges removal of the archaic spellings that dominated the work when it first appeared in Lyrical Ballads also adds to its reading ease (Abrams 1580). Coleridge may have originally used these spellings in accordance with the Romantic theme of Medieval Revival, and then later deleted them because their difficulty detracted from the poems me aning. He also added glosses written in 17th century English, as demonstrated by his attachment of the -eth suffix to the verbs in the following line: And lo! The Albatross proveth a bird of good omen, and followeth the ship (71-73). The language of these glosses does not detract from the poems meaning, as the lexicon and syntax of this language would have been familiar to Coleridges audience. However, it does fulfill the authors original intention with the archaic spellings by placing the reader in a faraway place and time, adding credibility to the supernatural and imaginative elements that are introduced later.Romantic poets also frequently wrote using first-person narratives. For the majority of Coleridges poem, the mariner offers a first-person account of what he faced at sea. Coleridge does, however, stray slightly from this format by providing us with a listener in the poem and a separate third-person story that allows us to witness this listeners reactions. The additio n of the story context may be attributed to Coleridges need to place the reader in the familiar joyful setting of a wedding, a setting that contrasts significantly with the dark tale he reveals. It also allows Coleridge to identify both narrator and listener, while allowing the reader, to whom the moral of Coleridges poem is addressed, to identify with the latter. The reader can identify with this listeners feelings of fear towards the narrator and discomfort at his tale, as well as sympathize with his irritation at being taken from an atmosphere of joy and placed in a sobering atmosphere of vicarious misery. The mariner only stops one of three potential listeners, but doesnt reveal the reason for his choice until the poem has nearly ended: That moment that his face I see, / I know the man that must hear me: / To him my tale I teach (588-590). This man has been individually singled out, and the reader consequently feels singled out to receive Coleridges moral as a consequence of his or her earlier identification with this character. Like its structure, the subject matter of the poem is common to the period in which it was written. During the Romantic period, poetry began to include less pure imitation, and more imagination (Abrams 1319). Coleridges poem demonstrates this imaginative quality by lacing a nautical tale with supernatural characters and events. He reveals the supernatural nature of his poem early on by having the mariner hypnotize the wedding guest, as demonstrated in the following lines: The Mariner hath his willHe cannot choose but hear (16, 18). Other supernatural elements, including a skeleton ship driven by Death and Life-in-Death, vengeful spirits and seraph-men, and curses continually appear throughout the remainder of the poem. In the following example, Coleridge describes the dead crew rising like zombies to aid their shipmate: They raised their limbs like lifeless tools/ We were a ghastly crew (339-340). This example demonstrate s Coleridges ability to describe these imaginative elements with what seems to the reader as chilling accuracy, relying on simple but colorful language to give these elements credibility. Another subject frequently treated by Romantic poets is that of nature: the landscape as a whole is personified, and parts of it are granted great significance on spiritual and other levels. By setting the poem at sea with major roles given to the weather and animals, Coleridge immerses his reader in the natural world. The following stanza shows Coleridges use of descriptive language to help his reader envision that landscape: And now there came both mist and snow,/ And it grew wondrous cold:/ And ice, mast-high, came floating by,/ As green as emerald (51-54). The descriptions of weather throughout the poem frequently set the mood and dictate events. The reader can envision the danger that awaits the narrator and his crew by the description of the ice and mist. Later, the hot sun and burning se a play a role in the agony and dehydration of the crew. The sea, depicted as expansive and silent, adds to the narrators isolation after he alone is chosen for Life-in-Death as payment for his crimes. Coleridge demonstrates the important role that nature plays in his poem by giving it human characteristics. Early in the narrative the sun is described as he rather than it: Out of the sea came he! (26). While it appears as though this personification may have been a consequence of merely needing a word to rhyme, it is continued throughout the poem, even where it does not offer that advantage. A few lines later, Coleridge compares the sound of the storm to that of a roaring beast. Through his use of personification, we are able to see the significance of nature, its effects on us, and our interactions with it. Animals, in particular, are granted a spiritual significance. The Albatross, when first described, is hailed by the characters as if it had been a Christian soul (65). T his bird dines with, plays with, and keeps company with the members of the crew as if it too were human. This bird is loved by the spirit of the South Pole, who seeks revenge when it is killed. The reader views the Albatross not only as a bird, but also as an emblem of innocence representing all of Gods loving but defenseless creatures. Its death represents the destruction of nature, and the vengeance of the spirit represents the consequences of such destruction. While the poem corresponds in both structure and subject matter to other writings of its time, one of its two major themes relates not only to Romantic writing, but also to other major political and social events of the period. This theme presents the moral of the tale and allows Coleridge to take on the role of Poet Prophet: a poet who puts himself forward as a spokesman for traditional Western civilization at a time of profound crisis (Abrams 1320). Romantic authors who wished to better society through their writin g frequently took on this role. The profound crisis of the Romantic period addressed by Coleridge in this poem was the poor treatment of the working class and the general disregard for the destruction of nature that followed the English Industrial Revolution. Many early Romantic writers sympathized with the French revolution, supported greater equality for the poor working masses after the English Industrial Revolution, and held nature in high regard (1316-1318). Coleridge shows his sympathy for these principles in the solution he presents to the problem: He prayeth well, who loveth well/ Both man and bird and beast./ He prayeth best, who loveth best/ All things both great and small;/ For the dear God who loveth us,/ He made and loveth all (612-617). This clearly pronounced moral asks the reader to consider how each man and beast is made equal, by the same creator, and to treat them accordingly. Although the main plot of the story reflects this moral by having the main charact er cursed for killing one of Gods creatures with no provocation, Coleridge still chooses to state it directly. This was perhaps intended to ensure that all readers receive his message, and that no one views the tale as merely an interesting story. Other elements of the story line support this contention. For example, the mariners feelings towards the water snakes within the poem change as he learns this lesson. Before he kills the albatross, he describes them as merely a cursed part of a rotting landscape, The very deep did rot: O Christ!/ That ever this should be!/ Yea, slimy things did crawl with legs/ Upon the slimy sea (123-126). After the curse is put upon him for the birds death and he is forced to endure the deaths of his shipmates, he begins to relate more to these creatures, comparing them to himself by stating, And a thousand slimy things/ Lived on; and so did I (238-239). In his final account of these snakes, he no longer regards them as filthy creatures of no signif icance: I watched the water snakes/ O happy living things! No tongue/ Their beauty might declare:/ A spring of love gushed from my heart,/ And I blessed them unaware (282-285). Directly after this realization, his curse is lifted. It is clear that the mariner has learned his lesson, and is finally able to regard these creatures as a glorious part of the world around him. A final description from the narrator of the sky-larks brings the moral full circle, as the very type of creature that he first harmed is now regarded as something beautiful and spiritual: I heard the sky-lark sing/ and now it is an angels song (359, 365).The deaths of the crew members also serve to further the moral, as Coleridge states in one of his summaries that when the fog cleared off, they justified the same, and thus make themselves accomplices to the crime (97-100). This part of the story reminds the reader that it is not enough to merely keep oneself from harming the innocent. Although the punishment the mariner receives he is doomed to an existence of Life-in-Death in which his sins must constantly be accounted for seems much worse, the crew also receives punishment for their acceptance of his crime. The reader is thus compelled to take a stand against others who would oppress the poor and harm Gods creations. Just as bystanders are not exempt from blame Coleridges poem, neither are those who consider themselves morally pure Christians. Coleridge underscores his characters religious beliefs through numerous references to Christ, God, angels, and the cross. The mariner also references the Holy Mother, frequently prays, and seeks to relieve the burdens of his sins through confession. The religious are capable of injustices towards nature and mankind, and Coleridge reminds them of this fact by forcing them to identify with the characters while providing them with a moral that speaks directly to their conscience through repeated references to God.While the theme of equal tre atment is quite obvious, there is another theme that, while never directly stated, underlies the entire poem: the theme of guilt. Romantic poems employing the first-person narrative frequently reflected the poets own life and state of mind (Abrams 1319). This poem does as much for Coleridge, who is described as having manifested early in life a profound sense of guilt and a need for public expiation (Abrams 1575). The main character of this poem, like Coleridge, is racked with guilt for his cold-blooded killing of the innocent Albatross and the subsequent events that led to the death of his crew and the destruction of his ship. Also like Coleridge, our narrator is never fully freed from this guilt. When discussing the mariners fate, the latter of two spirits notes that The man hath penance done,/ And penance more will do (408-409). Even after the mariner is rescued and returned to his native land as a wiser, more loving man, he is still forced to pay penance to the spirit of t he South Pole by relating his ghastly deeds and their consequences again and again. Perhaps writing this tale provides Coleridge with a similar experience a continual expiation of his guilt through a written narrative. But even in this theme of guilt we are reminded of what caused it, for the narrator and the reader are both repeatedly forced to face the need for the equal treatment of all. In this tale, Coleridge combines elements of his own guilt-ridden life, the supernatural, and the natural world into a dark first-person narrative lyrical ballad. The elements of his work closely parallel the elements of other major literary works of the Romantic period, but also make a statement to his readers about a major crisis arising out the Industrial Revolution: the poor treatment of Gods creations.Works Cited:Abrams, M. H., et al., eds. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 7th ed. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 2001. Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 7th ed. Ed. M. H. Abrams, et al. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 2001. 1580-95.
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